Pregnancy brings about many changes, and while most are expected, some can catch mothers by surprise and cause discomfort. One common issue many expectant mothers face is the development of haemorrhoids—swollen veins in the rectal or anal area that can cause itching, pain and irritation, especially during bowel movements.
What Causes Haemorrhoids During Pregnancy?
It is common to experience haemorrhoids during pregnancy, especially in the third trimester. During this period, several physiological changes occur, increasing pressure on the veins in the rectal area, which leads to swelling and discomfort. These changes include:
- Foetal Development: As the baby grows, the uterus expands and takes up more space within the pelvis. This added pressure restricts blood flow from the lower body, which can cause the veins around the rectum to swell and become inflamed.
- Increased Blood Volume: During pregnancy, a woman’s blood volume increases significantly to support foetal development. This extra blood flow can enlarge the veins and make them more prone to bulging, particularly in the anal and rectal regions.
- Constipation: Hormonal changes can slow down digestion, often leading to constipation. Straining during bowel movements adds further pressure on the rectal veins, contributing to the development or worsening of haemorrhoids.
What Are the Symptoms?
Haemorrhoids can cause a range of symptoms, from mild irritation to significant discomfort. The type and severity of these symptoms often depend on whether the haemorrhoids are internal or external.
- Pain or Discomfort: Typically mild but can become more intense, particularly during or after a bowel movement.
- Anal Itching: A persistent itching or burning sensation around the anal area, often due to irritation of the surrounding skin.
- Bleeding: Bright red blood may appear on toilet paper, in the stool, or in the toilet bowl. This usually happens when the delicate surface of the swollen veins becomes irritated or damaged.
- Swelling or Lump: A tender or sensitive lump may be felt near the anus. This can occur when an internal haemorrhoid prolapses or when an external haemorrhoid develops.
- Leakage of Stool or Mucus: In some cases, mild stool or mucus leakage may occur if the swollen veins affect the normal closure of the anal sphincter.
How Can I Manage Haemorrhoids During Pregnancy?
Treatment is usually conservative and focuses on relieving discomfort and preventing flare-ups. You can safely implement many effective strategies at home.
- Stay Hydrated and Eat a High-Fibre Diet: Include plenty of fruits, vegetables and whole grains in your meals to help keep your stool soft and regular. Drink enough water throughout the day to support healthy digestion and prevent constipation.
- Do Not Delay Bowel Movements: Holding bowel movements can make stools harder and make them difficult to pass, putting immense pressure on rectal veins. If necessary, use a small footstool to elevate your knees (squat position) to facilitate easier passing of stool.
- Try a Sitz Bath: Soaking the affected area in warm water can help soothe irritation and swelling. Doing this for several minutes a few times a day may provide relief and promote healing.
- Avoid Prolonged Sitting or Standing: If you must sit for a while, use a doughnut-shaped cushion or pillow to take pressure off the affected area. Long periods of sitting or standing cause blood to pool and increase pressure on the rectal veins.
- Over-the-Counter Medications: Certain options may be safe during pregnancy to help relieve symptoms. These include stool softeners, fibre supplements or mild pain relievers. Always consult your doctor before taking any medication to ensure it is safe for you and your baby.
When to See a Doctor
While most pregnancy-related haemorrhoids improve with conservative care, certain symptoms warrant prompt medical attention. Seek medical advice if you experience:
- Excessive or Persistent Rectal Bleeding: While mild bleeding can occur with haemorrhoids, heavy or continuous blood loss should be evaluated immediately to rule out other serious conditions.
- Severe or Sudden Pain: Intense pain may signal a thrombosed haemorrhoid, where a blood clot has formed inside the swollen vein. This condition can be extremely painful and requires urgent medical care.
- Signs of Infection: Symptoms such as fever, chills or increasing redness, warmth or swelling around the anal area may indicate an infection that needs prompt treatment.
If your symptoms persist or worsen after two weeks of home treatment, see your doctor for further evaluation.
For safe and effective management of haemorrhoids during or after pregnancy, consult a qualified colorectal doctor in Singapore. They can assess your condition, recommend suitable treatment, and ensure that any intervention is appropriate for both you and your baby. Contact us today to schedule an appointment.
